Excercise 5

1. Write the database of the hotel (similar to the library database)

2. Go to the library website, search for the bibliographic of        database book in the library catalog (OPAC =   Online Public Access Catalog)

3. Go to the library e-book database, search for the articles about database from Proquest, ABI/INFORM,  Dissertation & theses

A discrete mixture-based kernel for SVMs: Application to spani and image categorization

Nizar Bouguila, Ola Amayri. Information Processing & Management. Oxford: Nov 2009. Vol. 45,
Iss. 6; pg. 631

Abstract (Summary)

In this paper, we investigate the problem of training support vector machines (SVMs) on count data. Multinomial Dirichlet mixture models allow us to model efficiently count data. On the other hand, SVMs permit good discrimination. We propose, then, a hybrid model that appropriately combines their advantages. Finite mixture models are introduced, as an SVM kernel, to incorporate prior knowledge about the nature of data involved in the problem at hand. For the learning of our mixture model, we propose a deterministic annealing component-wise EM algorithm mixed with a minimum description length type criterion. In the context of this model, we compare different kernels. Through some applications involving spam and image database categorization, we find that our data-driven kernel performs better.
[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Indexing (document details)
Subjects: Models, Optimization algorithms, Spamming, Information processing, Image processing systems
           ,  Studies Classification Codes 5200 Communications & information management,
             9130   Experiment/theoretical treatment
Author(s): Nizar Bouguila, Ola Amayri
Document types: Feature
Publication title: Information Processing & Management. Oxford: Nov 2009. Vol. 45, Iss. 6; pg. 631
Source type: Periodical
ISSN: 03064573
ProQuest document ID: 1852553701

http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1852553701&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=59768&RQT=309&VName=PQD

Exercise 4

1. Where can you find information about Nobel Prize? Who get the Nobel Prize this year?

I find in www.nobelprize.org. And then  http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2008/
And The Nobel Prize in Literature 2008 is

Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio,

France and Mauritius

"author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization"

Nobel Diploma

2. Go to Encyclopedia Online at http://library.spu.ac.th Search  for the history of automobiles or computer. Summarize the information you get.

The history of the automobile begins as early as 1769, with the creation of steam-powered automobiles capable of human transport[1] In 1806, the first cars powered by internal combustion engines running on fuel gas appeared, which led to the introduction in 1885 of the ubiquitous modern gasoline- or petrol-fueled internal combustion engine. Cars powered by electricity briefly appeared at the turn of the 20th century but largely disappeared from commonality until the turn of the 21st century, when interest in low- and zero-emissions transportation was reignited. As such, the early history of the automobile can be divided into a number of eras based on the prevalent method of automotive propulsion during that time. Later periods were defined by trends in exterior styling and size and utility preferences.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_automobile

3. what is the difference between general book and reference book?

Reference book or reference-only book in a library is one that may only be used in the library and not borrowed from the library. Many such books are reference works (in the first sense) which are usually used only briefly or photocopied from, and therefore do not need to be borrowed. Keeping them in the library assures that they will always be available for use on demand. Other reference-only books are ones that are too valuable to permit borrowers to take them out. Reference-only items may be shelved in a reference collection located separately from circulating items or individual reference-only items may be shelved among items available for borrowing.

The Book of General Ignorance is the first in a series of books based on the final round in the intellectual British panel game QI, written by series-creator John Lloyd and head-researcher John Mitchinson, to help spread the QI philosophy of curiosity to the reading public. It is a trivia book, aiming to address and correct the "comprehensive and humiliating catalogue of all the misconceptions, mistakes and misunderstandings in 'common knowledge'" - it is therefore known not as a 'General Knowledge' book, but as "General Ignorance". As well as correcting these "all-too-common" mistakes, the book(s) attempt to explain how the errors have been perpetuated, and why people believe inaccurate 'facts' to be true.

4. When do you need to search information form the reference collection?
    when I want to know or want to find something, what I want to know. So I can not  know what that mean. If I do not find it in reference collection. And easier to find because I can look up information from
the book and other times on a computer. For example, if I want to know about the meaning of word, I can
find it in the dictionary or when I want to know about the map or direction, I can find it from atlas.

5. What type of reference collection that you like to use most? And why?

      I like Dictionary. Because I can adapt to use when I study. And usually I always find the meaning of words from dictionary. And sometimes I use it to chek about spelling and how to pronounciation. And more explaination about the word. But sometimes I use electronic dictionary because It's too fast and easier to find the words.

6. Select reference sources and find the example.

Manual - is a book of instruction on doing, making or performing something.
     I choose the manual for the iPod shuffle.
     In this manual tell me about how to use it or
     -how to connect to USB port on computer to set up and begin charging.
     -how to download and install iTunes.
     -how to set up the assistant.
     -how to add autofill for add content to iPod shuffle.
     -how can I know when I charged is fulled.
     -how to remove from dock.
     -how to plugin earphones.
     And for get more information, I can visit www.apple.com/ipodshuffle  or    www.apple.com/support/ipodshuffle
    And tell about Safety & Compliance information and about Software License Agreement and about
   Limited warranty.

    So, that make me to understand how to use it and I can use it safety and keep the long life of the iPod because I can use it correct way when I read the manual already

   

Exercise 3

1. What is different between Journal &Magazine? and give examples

Journal

* Is the book of prime entry.
* As soon as transaction originates it is recorded in journal
* Transactions are recorded in order of occurrence i.e. strictly in order of dates.
* Narration (brief description) is written for each entry.
* Ledger folio is written
* Relevant information cannot be ascertained readily e.g. cash in hand can't be found out easily.
* Final accounts can't be prepared directly from journal.
* Accuracy of the books can't be tested.
* Debit and credit amounts of a transaction are recorded in adjacent columns.
* Journal has two columns one for debit amount another for credit amount.
* Journal is not balanced.
* With the computerization of accounting journal may not be used for routine transactions like
      receipts,   purchases, sales etc

Magazines

•Are periodicals whose goals are to entertain and inform
•Authors are often professional writers, rather than experts in the subject
•Content might be fact, but might be anecdote or opinion
•Articles almost never have bibliographies
•Require no specialized knowledge or vocabulary to be understood
•Articles are not peer-reviewed
•Often have colourful covers or interfaces, and will usually contain advertising and many pictures
•Examples: Discover, Maclean's, National Geographic, Psychology Today, Scientific American, Sport's  Illustrated, Time and Wired

     "Magazine" is often used to describe a popular periodical like Time or People. “Journal” is used to describe a scholarly periodical that is written by experts. Journal articles tend to be longer and provide extensive citations to additional research.

2. DC & LC classification


      The Library of Congress Classification (LCC) is a classification system that was first developed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to organize and arrange the book collections of the Library of Congress. Over the course of the twentieth century, the system was adopted for use by other libraries as well, especially large academic libraries in the United States. It is currently one of the most widely used library classification systems in the world. The Library's Cataloging Policy and Support Office maintains and develops the system, posting weekly lists of updates on its Web site.

    The system divides all knowledge into twenty-one basic classes, each identified by a single letter of the alphabet. Most of these alphabetical classes are further divided into more specific subclasses, identified by two-letter, or occasionally three-letter, combinations. For example, class N, Art, has subclasses NA, Architecture; NB, Sculpture, ND, Painting; as well as several other subclasses. Each subclass includes a loosely hierarchical arrangement of the topics pertinent to the subclass, going from the general to the more specific. Individual topics are often broken down by specific places, time periods, or bibliographic forms (such as periodicals, biographies, etc.). Each topic (often referred to as a caption) is assigned a single number or a span of numbers. Whole numbers used in LCC may range from one to four digits in length, and may be further extended by the use of decimal numbers. Some subtopics appear in alphabetical, rather than hierarchical, lists and are represented by decimal numbers that combine a letter of the alphabet with a numeral , e.g. .B72 or .K535. Relationships among topics in LCC are shown not by the numbers that are assigned to them, but by indenting subtopics under the larger topics that they are a part of, much like an outline. In this respect, it is different from more strictly hierarchical classification systems, such as the Dewey Decimal Classification, where hierarchical relationships among topics are shown by numbers that can be continuously subdivided.

LC Classification
Listed below are the Classification Schedules by class.

A General Works
B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion
    B - BJ Philosophy. Psychology
    BL, BM, BP, BQ Religion: Religions, Hinduism, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism
    BR - BV Religion: Christianity, Bible
    BX Religion: Christian Denominations
C Auxiliary Sciences of History
D History: General and Old World
    D - DJ History (General), History of Europe, Part 1
    DL - DR History of Europe, Part 2
    DJK - DK History of Eastern Europe (General). Soviet Union, Poland
    DS History of Asia
    DT - DX History of Africa, Australia, New Zealand, etc.
E - F History: America (Western Hemisphere)
G Geography. Maps. Anthropology. Recreation
H Social Sciences
    H - HJ Social Sciences: Economics
    HM - HX Social Sciences: Sociology
J Political Science
K Law
    K Law (General)
    KD Law of the United Kingdom and Ireland
    KDZ , KG - KH Law of the Americas, Latin America and the West Indies
    KE Law of Canada
    KF Law of the United States
    KJ - KKZ Law of Europe
    KJV - KJW Law of France
    KK - KKC Law of Germany
L Education
M Music and Books on Music
N Fine Arts
P Language and Literature
   P General Philology and Linguistics
   PA Classical Languages and Literatures
   PB - PH Modern European Languages
   PG Russian Literature
   PJ Oriental Philology and Literature
   PK Indo-Iranian Philology and Literature
   PL - PM Languages of Eastern Asia, Africa, Oceania, Hyperborean, Indian, and Artificial Languages
   PN , PR-PS ,
   PZ General Literature. English and American Literature. Fiction in English. Juvenile belles lettres
   PQ Romance Literatures
   PT Germanic Literatures
Q Science
R Medicine
S Agriculture
T Technology
U Military Science
V Naval Science
Z Bibliography. Library Science

     The DCC Label contains a structured view of Representation Information separating, for example Structure, Semantics and various types of software, referring to each of these by its CPID which allows the retrieval of any specific piece of Representation Information. When the set of bits which make up a piece of Representation Information is retrieved, if the user does not know what to do with it then use can be made of the associated CPID which points to a DCC Label which points to the Representation Information for those bits, and so on. The recursion stops at various End Points

Classes Listed
Main article: Outline of Dewey Decimal classes
The system is made up of ten main classes or categories, each divided into ten secondary classes or subcategories, each having ten subdivisions.
000 – Computer science, information & general works
100 – Philosophy and psychology
200 – Religion
300 – Social sciences
400 – Language
500 – Science (including mathematics)
600 – Technology
700 – Arts and recreation
800 – Literature
900 – History, geography, and biography

3. access the library website : What is the call number?

      A call number is a group of numbers and/or letters put together to tell you where in the library to find your book.
      A call number is located at the bottom of the book on the spine. It helps you to find your books quicker.
Once you've got your call number from the card catalog, it's time to go find your book!
     This is where a call number is located:

Here's something to remember:
Don't let it confuse you, but just because it's a call number doesn't mean it has numbers! Some call numbers are made up of letters.

4. What are the sources of knowledge? identify as much as
     you  know.

We all continually learn new things in life. Constantly increasing our knowledge is essential if we are to progress further or develop ourselves. Whatever field we are involved in, we always have to look for ways and means to expand our knowledge. Increase in knowledge in a particular subject can lead to better understanding, grasp, judgement, intelligence and ability in that area. It can expand our thinking and heighten our expertise on a topic. So how do we go about gaining knowledge? What are the sources of knowledge? Below I am listing a few sources from which we gain knowledge in any field.

1. People: I think people are the biggest source of knowledge for anybody. Right from childhood, we have learned things by watching others. Whatever field you want to gain knowledge in, there must be many who have enough experience in that field. So make use of this valuable source of information by learning from the experience, accomplishments, mistakes and expertise of others. Study carefully and associate with people who are experts in the field you want to gain knowledge about.
2. Books: The next best source of knowledge can be books. There are millions and millions of books written throughout the world in every language and on almost any topic imaginable. Whatever problem you are facing must have been faced by somebody else before, and its solution is likely to have been preserved in the form of a book. If you are serious about gaining knowledge on a topic, then read any book, magazine, article etc. you can lay your hands on related to that topic. Read as much as you can.
3. Experience:This is another important resource for the seeker of knowledge. It is said that experience is a great teacher, so learn from your past experiences and the experience of others. Learn from your and others' past and present achievements as well as mistakes.
4. Experimentation and observation: Experimentation is to try out new things and observation is to pay attention to small and big details. If you want to learn something new, you may have to experiment and observe a lot. You would need to explore in deep, try out new things to see what works and what does not. Observe not just your own efforts, but also of others. Experimenting new things and observation can help you in learning very quickly. People who do not experiment or observe much may take a long time to learn. Keep in mind though, that while experimenting, you may encounter a few failures too. Do not become discouraged as failures are a part of the learning curve, specially while attempting something new. Try to learn from failures instead of becoming disheartened.
5.Thinking and pondering: While learning a new thing, you need to concentrate a lot. Just reading lots of books is not sufficient as you need to fully grasp what you are reading. Deep understanding about a subject is likely to come only through deep thinking and contemplation. Ponder over what you have read, observed, experienced or experimented. Isn't is wise to make sure you have fully understood a thing before moving further?

 

5. What do you read this week? 

Twilite

      The books also teach young girls that it's fine to let your boyfriend completely control your life & keep you away from your friends if he believes it's in your best interest. It's going to make a lot of young teenagers think nothing is wrong if they end up in an abusive relationship because that's how Edward is.

      I love the books, don't get me wrong, I just think it sucks that the character gets a little ridiculous sometimes. It's viewed as him being chivalrous & caring. Unfortunately we don't like in a world werewolves & vampires & guys who are actually like that aren't good.

 

Exercise 2

1. What is information literacy skills?
    Information literacy skill is the set of skills needed to find, retrieve, analyze, and use information.    Information skill is a learning process. Or can call it is basic skills for learning.

2.What is SQRW?
    SQRW is a four step strategy for reading and taking notes from chapters in a textbook.
For the first step is survey- brings to mind what you already know about the topic or a chapter and
prepares you for learning more by read the title, introduction, headings and the summary.
The second step is Question- question give you a purpose for reading and help you stay focused on the reading assignment. The third step is read- read follows each heading to find the answer to each question you formed. The last one is write- write the question and its answer in your notebook.(write down the short note or the summarize.)

3.Use Big 6 skills (step 1-6 ) of the topic you know best.

     Step 1 Defind problems, information requirement.

My topic is Good hotel.

 Step 2 Info.seeking strategies


-Location
-Foods
-Accommodation
-Price
-Rate of the hotel
-services
-Use the internet to find out.
-Learned from my experience be cause I used to work this job.
-I will learn more form hotel workers.
-Go to library for get more information.

Step 3 Location and access

-Go to http://www.google.com/ and find out about how to be  a good hotel.http://www.davidwhitecpa.com/downloads/ten-characteristics-of-a-good-hotel-controller.htm http://www.canadianhotelguide.com/ratings.html
-Location : http://www.gizmag.com/location-location-location-could-this-hotel-be-in-the-worlds-most-beautiful/10703/ ,http://ezinearticles.com/?What-is-a-Good-Location&id=1780293
-Foods : http://images.google.co.th/images?hl=th&q=international+food&um=1&ie=UTF-8&ei=luikSqXTIs6AkQWj0uXcDA&sa=X&oi=image_result_group&ct=title&resnum=4
-services :http://www.helium.com/knowledge/14147-tips-for-improving-restaurant-service
- Check the price from website of each hotel to compare with others.

-Go to the hotels for learn about how do they give a service to the guests.
-Ask more information about that hotel from front desk or the person who can give me information.
-Booking and stay in that hotel for get the real information.
-Have some meal in that hotel.

 Step 4 Use info

- Study from website of each hotel, different rates and compare. And from the real information from the hotels ex. flying,broucher etc. and from the real experience of hotel workers.

 Step 5  Synthesis : Putting it all together

How to be a good hotel?
Ten Characteristics of a Good Hotel Controller
1. Current knowledge of industry “best practices”, both inside and outside the accounting department.

2. Proactive.
3. Unafraid to say “no”.
4. Current knowledge of the competitive lodging supply marketing landscape.
5. Appropriately and effectively communicates with all levels of employees, management and ownership.
6. Ability to garner support from other departments when needed.
7. Actively involved in industry associations.
8. Fraud aware.
9. Comfortable with a role that is continually shaped in response to evolving technology and greater focus on revenues.
10. Recognizes that seeking help is a sign of strength.

1. Location
When assessing location, guests judge hotel's location within the city, proximity, and street loudness. Other pluses include minimal travel times to city attractions, transportation hubs, shopping areas, restaurants and business districts.
- Mountain view
i- Sea view
- Downtown
- Uptown
- Ski activity to attraction

2. Foods
- International food
- European food
- Italian food
- Mediteranian food
- Asian food
- Maxican food

3. Accommodation
When it comes to quality of life (comfort is king), guests rate the hotel using real-world testing rather than relying on the hotels marketing. Rating is based on the quality of stay the hotel provides, including the bed, bathrooms and general appointments.
- Shuttle bus
- Wireless
- Swimming pool
- Fitness
- Kids care

4. Price
Depend on seasonal and location, chain of hotel and rate of the hotel.

5. Rate of the hotel
10.0 (Perfect):
This exceedingly rare score is reserved for a hotel that is as perfect as it could be. A hotel that receives this rating could not be reasonably improved upon in any meaningful way. Guests unequivocally recommend hotels that score a 10.
9.0 to 9.9 (Excellent):
A hotel that receives a rating in this range scores high on all of its rating criteria. It succeeds at meeting all of its intended users' needs and has no meaningful drawbacks. It would be difficult, though not impossible, to improve upon a hotel that scores in this range.
8.0 to 8.9 (Very good):
A hotel that receives a rating in this range is superior in so many ways that its relatively few drawbacks are not very important.
7.0 to 7.9 (Good):
While the strengths of a hotel scoring in this range certainly outweigh its weaknesses, it has some faults that certain guests should be aware of.
6.0 to 6.9 (Fair):
This range represents a hotel that is dead average for its market. Its strengths and weaknesses balance each other out, making it adequate for most guests but not a standout. If you can find it at an extremely low price, it may well be worth booking, but be on the lookout for a better hotel.
5.0 to 5.9 (Mediocre):
A hotel that scores in this range is merely average in the negative sense--in other words, mediocre. These hotels tend to have enough weaknesses to dampen their strengths. A much better hotel probably exists in its city, so you should consider others first.
4.0 to 4.9 (Poor):
Hotels that just aren't well run tend to fall into this range. While they may have some positive qualities, the overall package simply lacks the cohesive quality that makes other hotels successful.
3.0 to 3.9 (Very poor):
You probably should not consider a hotel in this range or lower. It has few positive qualities, if any, and its weaknesses outweigh them.
2.0 to 2.9 (Terrible):
A hotel that receives a rating in this range scores low on all of its rating criteria. It does not satisfy any of its guests' needs and has no meaningful strengths. It would be difficult, though not impossible, to find a worse hotel in its city.
1.0 to 1.9 (Abysmal):
A hotel in this range would have virtually no effective or fully functional features. The rare hotel that falls into this bottom-of-the-barrel range has no redeeming qualities at all.
-Inn, Lodge, Motel, Resort
- 1 star
- 2 stars
- 3 stars
- 4 stars
- 5 stars
- (AAA) 5 stars and 5 diamond

6. Services
 service is the key separator in distinguishing a good hotel from the best hotel. The only way to determine this is to stay there and live the guest experience that the hotels provides. The guests review the hotel based on timeliness, friendliness, and access to services, plus a small bonus is given for a quick check in/out times.
- punctual
- honest
- responsibilities
- good taking care
- always greeting
- smile
- service mind

Step 6  Evaluation

http://www.canadianhotelguide.com/ratings.html 
I like this website because make me get more information about how to be a good hotel. And in this website has information quite to clearly and easy to understanding. 
Ten Characteristics of a Good Hotel Controller

1. Current knowledge of industry “best practices”, both inside and outside the accounting department.
2. Proactive.
3. Unafraid to say “no”.
4. Current knowledge of the competitive lodging supply marketing landscape.
5. Appropriately and effectively communicates with all levels of employees, management and ownership.
6. Ability to garner support from other departments when needed.
7. Actively involved in industry associations.
8. Fraud aware.
9. Comfortable with a role that is continually shaped in response to evolving technology and greater focus on revenues.
10. Recognizes that seeking help is a sign of strength.
And should be has good in all of this below
-Rating Criteria
-Amenities
-Cleanliness
-Location
-Comfort
-Service
-Value
-Recommendation